HTML: The Living Standard

Edition for Web Developers — Last Updated 9 April 2025

1. 1. 6.12 popover属性
      1. 6.12.1 ポップオーバーターゲット属性
      2. 6.12.2 ポップオーバーの簡易非表示

6.12 popover属性

すべてのHTML要素はpopoverコンテンツ属性設定を持ってもよい。指定された場合、要素は表示されるまでレンダリングされず、表示されると、他のページ コンテンツの上にレンダリングされる。

<ul>
  <li>
    <a href=...>All Products</a>
    <button popovertarget=sub-nav>
     <img src=down-arrow.png alt="Product pages">
    </button>
    <ul popover id=sub-nav>
     <li><a href=...>Shirts</a>
     <li><a href=...>Shoes</a>
     <li><a href=...>Hats etc.</a>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <!-- other list items and links here -->
</ul>

popoverをアクセシビリティセマンティクスのない要素、たとえばdiv要素に使用する場合、著者は適切なARIA属性を使用して、popoverがアクセス可能であることを保証すべきである。

<button popovertarget=m>Actions</button>
<div role=menu id=m popover>
  <button role=menuitem tabindex=-1 autofocus>Edit</button>
  <button role=menuitem tabindex=-1>Hide</button>
  <button role=menuitem tabindex=-1>Delete</button>
</div>

<button id=submit>Submit</button>
<p><output><span popover=manual></span></output></p>

<script>
 const sBtn = document.getElementById("submit");
 const outSpan = document.querySelector("output [popover=manual]");
 let successMessage;
 let errorMessage;

 /* define logic for determining success of action
  and determining the appropriate success or error
  messages to use */

 sBtn.addEventListener("click", ()=> {
  if ( success ) {
   outSpan.textContent = successMessage;
  }
  else {
   outSpan.textContent = errorMessage;
  }
  outSpan.showPopover();

  setTimeout(function () {
   outSpan.hidePopover();
  }, 10000);
 });
</script>

ポップオーバー要素をoutput要素に挿入すると、一般的に、スクリーンリーダーは内容が可視である場合にその内容を通知する。コンテンツの複雑さや頻度に応じて、これは、これらの支援技術のユーザーにとって有用である場合もあれば、迷惑である場合もある。output要素または他のARIAライブリージョンを使用して最良のユーザーエクスペリエンスを確保する場合、この点に留意すること。

popover属性は、次のキーワードと状態を持つ列挙属性である：

この属性の欠損値のデフォルトはno popover状態であり、無効値のデフォルトはmanual状態である。

popover IDL属性は、既知の値に制限され、popover属性を反映しなければならない。

すべての HTML要素は、ポップオーバー可視状態を持ち、最初は非表示で、次の潜在的な値をもつ：

• hidden

• 表示

Every Document has a popover pointerdown target, which is an HTML element or null, initially null.

すべてのHTML要素は、ポップオーバー呼び出しを持ち、これはHTML要素またはnullであり、最初はnullに設定される。

すべてのHTML要素は、表示または非表示のポップオーバーを持ち、これは真偽値で、最初はfalseに設定されている。

すべてのHTML要素ポップオーバートグルタスクトラッカー、これはトグルタスクトラッカーまたはnullで、最初はnullである。

Every HTML element has a popover close watcher, which is a close watcher or null, initially null.

Every HTML element has an opened in popover mode, which is a string or null, initially null.

The following attribute change steps, given element, localName, oldValue, value, and namespace, are used for all HTML elements:

1. If namespace is not null, then return.

2. If localName is not popover, then return.

3. If element's popover visibility state is in the showing state and oldValue and value are in different states, then run the hide popover algorithm given element, true, true, and false.

element.showPopover()

✔MDN

HTMLElement/showPopover

Support in all current engines.

Firefox🔰 114+Safari17+Chrome114+

---

Opera?Edge114+

---

Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo

---

Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?

ポップオーバーelementをトップレイヤーに追加して表示する。elementのpopover属性がauto stateである場合、トップレベルのポップオーバー祖先アルゴリズムに従ってelementの祖先でない限り、他のすべてのautoポップオーバーも閉じられる。

element.hidePopover()

✔MDN

HTMLElement/hidePopover

Support in all current engines.

Firefox🔰 114+Safari17+Chrome114+

---

Opera?Edge114+

---

Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo

---

Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?

ポップオーバーelementをトップレイヤーから削除し、display:noneを適用して非表示にする。

element.togglePopover()

✔MDN

HTMLElement/togglePopover

Support in all current engines.

Firefox🔰 114+Safari17+Chrome114+

---

Opera?Edge114+

---

Edge (Legacy)?Internet ExplorerNo

---

Firefox Android?Safari iOS?Chrome Android?WebView Android?Samsung Internet?Opera Android?

ポップオーバーelementが表示されていない場合、このメソッドはそのポップオーバーを表示する。そうでなければ、このメソッドによって非表示になる。このメソッドは、呼び出し後にポップオーバーが開いている場合はtrueを返し、そうでなければfalseを返す。

The showPopover(options) method steps are:

1. Let invoker be options["source"] if it exists; otherwise, null.

2. Run show popover given this, true, and invoker.

To show popover, given an HTML element element, a boolean throwExceptions, and an HTML element or null invoker:

1. If the result of running check popover validity given element, false, throwExceptions, and null is false, then return.

2. Let document be element's node document.

3. Assert: element's popover invoker is null.

4. Assert: element is not in document's top layer.

5. Let nestedShow be element's popover showing or hiding.

6. Let fireEvents be the boolean negation of nestedShow.

7. Set element's popover showing or hiding to true.

8. Let cleanupShowingFlag be the following steps:

   1. If nestedShow is false, then set element's popover showing or hiding to false.

9. If the result of firing an event named beforetoggle, using ToggleEvent, with the cancelable attribute initialized to true, the oldState attribute initialized to "closed", and the newState attribute initialized to "open" at element is false, then run cleanupShowingFlag and return.

10. If the result of running check popover validity given element, false, throwExceptions, and document is false, then run cleanupShowingFlag and return.

    Check popover validity is called again because firing the beforetoggle event could have disconnected this element or changed its popover attribute.

11. Let shouldRestoreFocus be false.

12. Let originalType be the current state of element's popover attribute.

13. Let stackToAppendTo be null.

14. Let autoAncestor be the result of running the topmost popover ancestor algorithm given element, document's showing auto popover list, invoker, and true.

15. Let hintAncestor be the result of running the topmost popover ancestor algorithm given element, document's showing hint popover list, invoker, and true.

16. If originalType is the auto state, then:

    1. Run close entire popover list given document's showing hint popover list, shouldRestoreFocus, and fireEvents.

    2. Let ancestor be the result of running the topmost popover ancestor algorithm given element, document's showing auto popover list, invoker, and true.

    3. If ancestor is null, then set ancestor to document.

    4. Run hide all popovers until given ancestor, shouldRestoreFocus, and fireEvents.

    5. Set stackToAppendTo to "auto".

17. If originalType is the hint state, then:

    1. If hintAncestor is not null, then:

       1. Run hide all popovers until given hintAncestor, shouldRestoreFocus, and fireEvents.

       2. Set stackToAppendTo to "hint".

    2. Otherwise:

       1. Run close entire popover list given document's showing hint popover list, shouldRestoreFocus, and fireEvents.

       2. If autoAncestor is not null, then:

          1. Run hide all popovers until given autoAncestor, shouldRestoreFocus, and fireEvents.

          2. Set stackToAppendTo to "auto".

       3. Otherwise, set stackToAppendTo to "hint".

18. If originalType is auto or hint, then:

    1. Assert: stackToAppendTo is not null.

    2. If originalType is not equal to the value of element's popover attribute, then:

       1. If throwExceptions is true, then throw a "InvalidStateError" DOMException.

       2. Return.

    3. If the result of running check popover validity given element, false, throwExceptions, and document is false, then run cleanupShowingFlag and return.

       Check popover validity is called again because running hide all popovers until above could have fired the beforetoggle event, and an event handler could have disconnected this element or changed its popover attribute.

    4. If the result of running topmost auto or hint popover on document is null, then set shouldRestoreFocus to true.

       This ensures that focus is returned to the previously-focused element only for the first popover in a stack.

    5. If stackToAppendTo is "auto":

       1. Assert: document's showing auto popover list does not contain element.

       2. Set element's opened in popover mode to "auto".

       Otherwise:

       1. Assert: stackToAppendTo is "hint".

       2. Assert: document's showing hint popover list does not contain element.

       3. Set element's opened in popover mode to "hint".

    6. Set element's popover close watcher to the result of establishing a close watcher given element's relevant global object, with:

       • cancelAction being to return true.

       • closeAction being to hide a popover given element, true, true, and false.

       • getEnabledState being to return true.

19. Set element's previously focused element to null.

20. Let originallyFocusedElement be document's focused area of the document's DOM anchor.

21. Add an element to the top layer given element.

22. Set element's popover visibility state to showing.

23. Set element's popover invoker to invoker.

24. Set element's implicit anchor element to invoker.

25. Run the popover focusing steps given element.

26. If shouldRestoreFocus is true and element's popover attribute is not in the no popover state, then set element's previously focused element to originallyFocusedElement.

27. Queue a popover toggle event task given element, "closed", and "open".

28. Run cleanupShowingFlag.

To queue a popover toggle event task given an element element, a string oldState, and a string newState:

1. If element's popover toggle task tracker is not null, then:

   1. Set oldState to element's popover toggle task tracker's old state.

   2. Remove element's popover toggle task tracker's task from its task queue.

   3. Set element's popover toggle task tracker to null.

2. Queue an element task given the DOM manipulation task source and element to run the following steps:

   1. Fire an event named toggle at element, using ToggleEvent, with the oldState attribute initialized to oldState and the newState attribute initialized to newState.

   2. Set element's popover toggle task tracker to null.

3. Set element's popover toggle task tracker to a struct with task set to the just-queued task and old state set to oldState.

The hidePopover() method steps are:

1. Run the hide popover algorithm given this, true, true, and true.

To hide a popover given an HTML element element, a boolean focusPreviousElement, a boolean fireEvents, and a boolean throwExceptions:

1. If the result of running check popover validity given element, true, throwExceptions, and null is false, then return.

2. Let document be element's node document.

3. Let nestedHide be element's popover showing or hiding.

4. Set element's popover showing or hiding to true.

5. If nestedHide is true, then set fireEvents to false.

6. Let cleanupSteps be the following steps:

   1. If nestedHide is false, then set element's popover showing or hiding to false.

   2. If element's popover close watcher is not null, then:

      1. Destroy element's popover close watcher.

      2. Set element's popover close watcher to null.

7. If element's popover attribute is in the auto state or the hint state, then:

   1. Run hide all popovers until given element, focusPreviousElement, and fireEvents.

   2. If the result of running check popover validity given element, true, and throwExceptions is false, then run cleanupSteps and return.

      Check popover validity is called again because running hide all popovers until could have disconnected element or changed its popover attribute.

8. Let autoPopoverListContainsElement be true if document's showing auto popover list's last item is element, otherwise false.

9. Set element's popover invoker to null.

10. If fireEvents is true:

    1. Fire an event named beforetoggle, using ToggleEvent, with the oldState attribute initialized to "open" and the newState attribute initialized to "closed" at element.

    2. If autoPopoverListContainsElement is true and document's showing auto popover list's last item is not element, then run hide all popovers until given element, focusPreviousElement, and false.

    3. If the result of running check popover validity given element, true, throwExceptions, and null is false, then run cleanupSteps and return.

       Check popover validity is called again because firing the beforetoggle event could have disconnected element or changed its popover attribute.

    4. Request an element to be removed from the top layer given element.

    5. Set element's implicit anchor element to null.

11. Otherwise, remove an element from the top layer immediately given element.

12. Set element's opened in popover mode to null.

13. Set element's popover visibility state to hidden.

14. If fireEvents is true, then queue a popover toggle event task given element, "open", and "closed".

15. Let previouslyFocusedElement be element's previously focused element.

16. If previouslyFocusedElement is not null, then:

    1. Set element's previously focused element to null.

    2. If focusPreviousElement is true and document's focused area of the document's DOM anchor is a shadow-including inclusive descendant of element, then run the focusing steps for previouslyFocusedElement; the viewport should not be scrolled by doing this step.

17. Run cleanupSteps.

The togglePopover(options) method steps are:

1. Let force be null.

2. If options is a boolean, set force to options.

3. Otherwise, if options["force"] exists, set force to options["force"].

4. Let invoker be options["source"] if it exists; otherwise, null.

5. If this's popover visibility state is showing, and force is null or false, then run the hide popover algorithm given this, true, true, and true.

6. Otherwise, if force is null or true, then run show popover given this, true, and invoker.

7. Otherwise:

   1. Let expectedToBeShowing be true if this's popover visibility state is showing; otherwise false.

   2. Run check popover validity given expectedToBeShowing, true, and null.

8. Return true if this's popover visibility state is showing; otherwise false.

To hide all popovers until, given an HTML element or Document endpoint, a boolean focusPreviousElement, and a boolean fireEvents:

1. If endpoint is an HTML element and endpoint is not in the popover showing state, then return.

2. Let document be endpoint's node document.

3. Assert: endpoint is a Document or endpoint's popover visibility state is showing.

4. Assert: endpoint is a Document or endpoint's popover attribute is in the auto state or endpoint's popover attribute is in the hint state.

5. If endpoint is a Document:

   1. Run close entire popover list given document's showing hint popover list, focusPreviousElement, and fireEvents.

   2. Run close entire popover list given document's showing auto popover list, focusPreviousElement, and fireEvents.

   3. Return.

6. If document's showing hint popover list contains endpoint:

   1. Assert: endpoint's popover attribute is in the hint state.

   2. Run hide popover stack until given endpoint, document's showing hint popover list, focusPreviousElement, and fireEvents.

   3. Return.

7. Run close entire popover list given document's showing hint popover list, focusPreviousElement, and fireEvents.

8. If document's showing auto popover list does not contain endpoint, then return.

9. Run hide popover stack until given endpoint, document's showing auto popover list, focusPreviousElement, and fireEvents.

To hide popover stack until, given an HTML element endpoint, a list popoverList, a boolean focusPreviousElement, and a boolean fireEvents:

1. Let repeatingHide be false.

2. Perform the following steps at least once:

   1. Let lastToHide be null.

   2. For each popover in popoverList:

      1. If popover is endpoint, then break.

      2. Set lastToHide to popover.

   3. If lastToHide is null, then return.

   4. While lastToHide's popover visibility state is showing:

      1. Assert: popoverList is not empty.

      2. Run the hide popover algorithm given the last item in popoverList, focusPreviousElement, fireEvents, and false.

   5. Assert: repeatingHide is false or popoverList's last item is endpoint.

   6. Set repeatingHide to true if popoverList contains endpoint and popoverList's last item is not endpoint, otherwise false.

   7. If repeatingHide is true, then set fireEvents to false.

   and keep performing them while repeatingHide is true.

The hide all popovers until algorithm is used in several cases to hide all popovers that don't stay open when something happens. For example, during light-dismiss of a popover, this algorithm ensures that we close only the popovers that aren't related to the node clicked by the user.

To find the topmost popover ancestor, given a Node newPopoverOrTopLayerElement, a list popoverList, an HTML element or null invoker, and a boolean isPopover, perform the following steps. They return an HTML element or null.

1. If isPopover is true:

   1. Assert: newPopoverOrTopLayerElement is an HTML element.

   2. Assert: newPopoverOrTopLayerElement's popover attribute is not in the no popover state or the manual state.

   3. Assert: newPopoverOrTopLayerElement's popover visibility state is not in the popover showing state.

2. Otherwise:

   1. Assert: invoker is null.

3. Let popoverPositions be an empty ordered map.

4. indexを0にする。

5. For each popover of popoverList:

   1. Set popoverPositions[popover] to index.

   2. Increment index by 1.

6. If isPopover is true, then set popoverPositions[newPopoverOrTopLayerElement] to index.

7. Increment index by 1.

8. Let topmostPopoverAncestor be null.

9. Let checkAncestor be an algorithm which performs the following steps given candidate:

   1. If candidate is null, then return.

   2. Let okNesting be false.

   3. Let candidateAncestor be null.

   4. While okNesting is false:

      1. Set candidateAncestor to the result of running nearest inclusive open popover given candidate.

      2. If candidateAncestor is null or popoverPositions does not contain candidateAncestor, then return.

      3. Assert: candidateAncestor's popover attribute is not in the manual or none state.

      4. Set okNesting to true if newPopoverOrTopLayerElement's popover attribute is in the hint state or candidateAncestor's popover attribute is in the auto state.

      5. If okNesting is false, then set candidate to candidateAncestor's parent in the flat tree.

   5. Let candidatePosition be popoverPositions[candidateAncestor].

   6. If topmostPopoverAncestor is null or popoverPositions[topmostPopoverAncestor] is less than candidatePosition, then set topmostPopoverAncestor to candidateAncestor.

10. Run checkAncestor given newPopoverOrTopLayerElement's parent node within the flat tree.

11. Run checkAncestor given invoker.

12. Return topmostPopoverAncestor.

To find the nearest inclusive open popover given a Node node, perform the following steps. They return an HTML element or null.

1. Let currentNode be node.

2. While currentNode is not null:

   1. If currentNode's popover attribute is in the auto state and currentNode's popover visibility state is showing, then return currentNode.

   2. Set currentNode to currentNode's parent in the flat tree.

3. Return null.

To find the topmost auto or hint popover given a Document document, perform the following steps. They return an HTML element or null.

1. If document's showing hint popover list is not empty, then return document's showing hint popover list's last element.

2. If document's showing auto popover list is not empty, then return document's showing auto popover list's last element.

3. Return null.

To perform the popover focusing steps for an HTML element subject:

1. If the allow focus steps given subject's node document return false, then return.

2. If subject is a dialog element, then run the dialog focusing steps given subject and return.

3. If subject has the autofocus attribute, then let control be subject.

4. Otherwise, let control be the autofocus delegate for subject given "other".

5. If control is null, then return.

6. Run the focusing steps given control.

7. Let topDocument be control's node navigable's top-level traversable's active document.

8. If control's node document's origin is not the same as the origin of topDocument, then return.

9. Empty topDocument's autofocus candidates.

10. Set topDocument's autofocus processed flag to true.

To check popover validity for an HTML element element given a boolean expectedToBeShowing, a boolean throwExceptions, and a Document or null expectedDocument, perform the following steps. They throw an exception or return a boolean.

1. If element's popover attribute is in the no popover state, then:

   1. If throwExceptions is true, then throw a "NotSupportedError" DOMException.

   2. falseを返す。

2. If any of the following are true:

   • expectedToBeShowing is true and element's popover visibility state is not showing; or

   • expectedToBeShowing is false and element's popover visibility state is not hidden,

   then return false.

3. If any of the following are true:

   • element is not connected;

   • element's node document is not fully active;

   • expectedDocument is not null and element's node document is not expectedDocument;

   • element is a dialog element and its is modal is set to true; or

   • element's fullscreen flag is set,

   then:

   1. If throwExceptions is true, then throw a "InvalidStateError" DOMException.

   2. falseを返す。

4. Return true.

To get the showing auto popover list for a Document document:

1. Let popovers be « ».

2. For each Element element in document's top layer:

   1. If all of the following are true:

      • element is an HTML element;

      • element's opened in popover mode is "auto"; and

      • element's popover visibility state is showing,

      then append element to popovers.

3. Return popovers.

To get the showing hint popover list for a Document document:

1. Let popovers be « ».

2. For each Element element in document's top layer:

   1. If all of the following are true:

      • element is an HTML element;

      • element's opened in popover mode is "hint"; and

      • element's popover visibility state is showing,

      then append element to popovers.

3. Return popovers.

To close entire popover list given a list popoverList, a boolean focusPreviousElement, and a boolean fireEvents:

1. While popoverList is not empty:

   1. Run the hide popover algorithm given popoverList's last item, focusPreviousElement, fireEvents, and false.

6.12.1 ポップオーバーターゲット属性

ボタンには、次のコンテンツ属性を設定してもよい：

• popovertarget

• popovertargetaction

指定された場合、popovertarget属性値は、popovertarget属性をもつボタンと同じツリー内のpopover属性をもつ要素のIDでなければならない。

popovertargetaction属性は、次のキーワードと状態を持つ列挙属性である：

この属性の欠損値のデフォルトと無効値のデフォルトは、両方ともtoggle状態である。

可能な限りいつでも、ポップオーバー要素がDOM内のトリガー要素の直後に配置されるようにする。そうすることで、ポップオーバーが、スクリーンリーダーなどの支援技術のユーザーに対して、プログラム上の論理的な読み上げ順序で公開されるようになる。

<button popovertarget="foo" popovertargetaction="show">
  Show a popover
</button>

<article popover="auto" id="foo">
  This is a popover article!
  <button popovertarget="foo" popovertargetaction="hide">Close</button>
</article>

<input type="button" popovertarget="foo" value="Toggle the popover">

<div popover=manual id="foo">
  This is a popover!
</div>

popoverTargetElement IDL属性は、popovertarget属性を反映しなければならない。

popoverTargetAction IDL属性は、既知の値のみに制限される、popoverTargetAction属性を反映しなければならない。

To run the popover target attribute activation behavior given a Node node and a Node eventTarget:

1. Let popover be node's popover target element.

2. If popover is null, then return.

3. If eventTarget is a shadow-including inclusive descendant of popover and popover is a shadow-including descendant of node, then return.

4. If node's popovertargetaction attribute is in the show state and popover's popover visibility state is showing, then return.

5. If node's popovertargetaction attribute is in the hide state and popover's popover visibility state is hidden, then return.

6. If popover's popover visibility state is showing, then run the hide popover algorithm given popover, true, true, and false.

7. Otherwise, if popover's popover visibility state is hidden and the result of running check popover validity given popover, false, false, and null is true, then run show popover given popover, false, and node.

To get the popover target element given a Node node, perform the following steps. They return an HTML element or null.

1. If node is not a button, then return null.

2. If node is disabled, then return null.

3. If node has a form owner and node is a submit button, then return null.

4. Let popoverElement be the result of running node's get the popovertarget-associated element.

5. If popoverElement is null, then return null.

6. If popoverElement's popover attribute is in the no popover state, then return null.

7. Return popoverElement.

6.12.2 ポップオーバーの簡易非表示

"Light dismiss" means that clicking outside of a popover whose popover attribute is in the auto state will close the popover. This is in addition to how such popovers respond to close requests.

To light dismiss open popovers, given a PointerEvent event:

1. Assert: event's isTrusted attribute is true.

2. Let target be event's target.

3. Let document be target's node document.

4. Let topmostPopover be the result of running topmost auto popover given document.

5. If topmostPopover is null, then return.

6. If event's type is "pointerdown", then: set document's popover pointerdown target to the result of running topmost clicked popover given target.

7. If event's type is "pointerup", then:

   1. Let ancestor be the result of running topmost clicked popover given target.

   2. Let sameTarget be true if ancestor is document's popover pointerdown target.

   3. Set document's popover pointerdown target to null.

   4. If ancestor is null, then set ancestor to document.

   5. If sameTarget is true, then run hide all popovers until given ancestor, false, and true.

To find the topmost clicked popover, given a Node node:

1. Let clickedPopover be the result of running nearest inclusive open popover given node.

2. Let invokerPopover be the result of running nearest inclusive target popover for invoker given node.

3. If the result of getting the popover stack position given clickedPopover is greater than the result of getting the popover stack position given invokerPopover, then return clickedPopover.

4. Return invokerPopover.

To get the popover stack position, given an HTML element popover:

1. Let hintList be popover's node document's showing hint popover list.

2. Let autoList be popover's node document's showing auto popover list.

3. If popover is in hintList, then return the index of popover in hintList + the size of autoList + 1.

4. If popover is in autoList, then return the index of popover in autoList + 1.

5. Return 0.

To find the nearest inclusive target popover for invoker given a Node node:

1. Let currentNode be node.

2. While currentNode is not null:

   1. Let targetPopover be currentNode's popover target element.

   2. If targetPopover is not null and targetPopover's popover attribute is in the auto state and targetPopover's popover visibility state is showing, then return targetPopover.

   3. Set currentNode to currentNode's ancestor in the flat tree.